Arrival of Europeans- portugeuse
hello dear
welsome welsome
1. Who were the foreign traders who had maritime trade relations with Kerala before the arrival of Europeans?
Answer: The Arabs were the major foreign traders who traded with Kerala by sea before the arrival of the Europeans.
| hello | yes | hdc be |
|---|---|---|
| huidcb | noo | the |
2. What was the major trade route between India and Europe up to the first half of the 15th centuy?
Answer: The Silk Route was the major trade route between India and Europe up to the first half of the 15th century.
3. What major event in 1453 affected the traditional trade route between India and Europe?
Answer: In 1453, the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople, affecting the traditional trade connections between Europe and Asia.
2. Arrival of Europeans in Kerala
4. In what order did the European powers arrive in Kerala by the sea route?
Answer: The order was:
- Portuguese
- Dutch
- English
- French
5. Who was the Portuguese navigator who reached the southern tip of Africa, when did he reach it, and what did he name it?
Answer: Bartolomeu Dias reached the southern tip of Africa in 1488 and named it the Cape of Good Hope.
he said he is not well bro
6. Why is Bartolomeu Dias important in the history of European voyages to India?
Answer: He became the first European to sail around the southernmost tip of Africa, opening the way for the later Portuguese sea route to India.
3. Vasco da Gama — First Voyage
7. Who was the first Portuguese captain to reach India by sea, and when and where did he arrive?
Answer: Vasco da Gama was the first Portuguese captain to reach India by sea. He arrived at Kappad, Kozhikode, on 20 May 1498.
8. Why is Vasco da Gama's arrival important in Indian history?
Answer: The Portuguese became the first Europeans to reach India by sea, marking the beginning of direct European maritime involvement in India.
9. Who sent Vasco da Gama to India, and from where and when did he begin his journey?
Answer: The Portuguese king Dom Manuel sent Vasco da Gama to India. He began his journey from Lisbon in July 1497.
- what
- he said that?
- yes broo
10. What were the ships that accompanied Vasco da Gama on his first voyage?
Answer: Vasco da Gama travelled in the São Gabriel, accompanied by two other ships, São Raphel and São Bariyo.
4. Vasco da Gama at Calicut
11. How was Vasco da Gama received by the Zamorin of Calicut, and what was the response to the gifts he brought?
Answer: Vasco da Gama was received by the Zamorin of Calicut in the traditional manner and with high respect, but the gifts brought by Gama did not impress the Zamorin.
12. How did Vasco da Gama obtain trading rights at Calicut?
Answer: Despite the objections of Arab merchants, Vasco da Gama managed to obtain a letter of concession from the Zamorin granting trading rights to the Portuguese.
13. Why did problems arise between Vasco da Gama and the Calicut authorities after he obtained trading rights?
Answer: The Portuguese were unable to pay the prescribed customs duties and the price of their goods in gold. As security for payment, the Calicut officials temporarily detained some Portuguese agents.
14. How did Vasco da Gama react when his Portuguese agents were detained?
Answer: Vasco da Gama became annoyed and forcibly took a few natives and sixteen fishermen with him.
5. Vasco da Gama at Cannanore
15. Where did Vasco da Gama go after leaving Calicut, and who received him there?
Answer: He went to Cannanore, where he was received by the Kolathiri Raja.
16. What did the Kolathiri Raja offer the Portuguese at Cannanore?
Answer: The Kolathiri Raja offered the Portuguese facilities for trade at Kannur.
17. When did Vasco da Gama return to Lisbon after his first voyage to India?
Answer: Vasco da Gama returned to Lisbon in 1499.
6. Vasco da Gama — Second Voyage
18. When did Vasco da Gama return to Kerala for the second time, and what forces did he bring?
Answer: He returned in 1502 with 15 ships and 800 men.
19. What did Vasco da Gama do to Arab vessels on his way to Cannanore?
Answer: He attacked and captured Arab vessels on his way to Cannanore.
20. What happened when Vasco da Gama returned to Calicut in 1502?
Answer: The Zamorin said that he was willing to forget the previous actions of the Portuguese and take action against those who had instigated the riots against them.
21. Why did Vasco da Gama reject the Zamorin's offer?
Answer: Gama demanded that all Arabs be expelled from Calicut, which the Zamorin refused to accept.
22. What did Vasco da Gama do after the Zamorin refused to expel the Arabs?
Answer: Vasco da Gama bombarded Calicut and then went to Cochin.
7. Vasco da Gama and Cochin
23. What agreement did Vasco da Gama make with the ruler of Cochin?
Answer: Vasco da Gama met the Cochin king, and an agreement was made allowing the Portuguese to trade at fixed prices.
24. Which ruler invited Vasco da Gama for spice trade, and under whose permission did he accept the invitation?
Answer: The ruler of Kollam invited Vasco da Gama for spice trade, and he accepted the invitation with the permission of the Kochi king.
25. What happened when Vasco da Gama encountered the Zamorin's fleet on his return voyage?
Answer: Vasco da Gama encountered the fleet of the Zamorin, but managed to sail away without any serious loss.
8. Vasco da Gama — Final Visit and Death
26. When did Vasco da Gama make his third and final visit to Kerala, and in what capacity?
Answer: Vasco da Gama reached Kerala for the third and final time in 1524, serving as the Viceroy.
27. When and where did Vasco da Gama die?
Answer: Vasco da Gama died on 24 December 1524.
28. Where was Vasco da Gama's body initially kept according to the notes, and where were his remains later taken?
Answer: His body was cremated at St. Francis Church, Cochin, and his mortal remains were later taken to Portugal in 1539.
29. Which cathedral in Lisbon is associated with Vasco da Gama's remains?
Answer: The Jeronimus Cathedral in Lisbon.
30. Is there a place named Vasco da Gama in India?
Answer: Yes. Vasco da Gama is a place in Goa.
9. Pero da Covilha
31. Which Portuguese is mentioned as having come to Kerala before Vasco da Gama?
Answer: Pero da Covilha.
10. Pedro Álvares Cabral
32. Who conducted the second Portuguese expedition to India, how many ships did he bring, and when did he reach Kozhikode?
Answer: Pedro Álvares Cabral conducted the second expedition. He reached Kozhikode in 1500 with six ships.
33. What trading privilege did the Portuguese obtain at Calicut under Cabral?
Answer: The Portuguese obtained the right to erect a factory at Calicut.
34. Why was Cabral forced to leave Calicut and sail towards Cochin?
Answer: Conflict with the Arab merchants and the massacre of the crew of Arab vessels forced Cabral to sail towards Cochin.
35. What were the two major objectives of the Portuguese in Kerala, and who challenged them?
Answer: The two major objectives were trade monopoly and Christianity. These objectives were challenged by the Zamorins.
36. How was Cabral received by the Cochin Raja in 1500?
Answer: In 1500, Cabral was warmly received by the Cochin Raja, who gave the Portuguese facilities for trade.
37. Which other Kerala rulers promised to help Cabral in trade?
Answer: The rulers of Quilon and Cannanore also promised to help the Portuguese in trade.
38. What happened when Cabral went to Cannanore?
Answer: Cabral went to Cannanore, where the Raja of Kolathiri helped him load additional cargo onto his ships.
39. Where did Cabral go after completing his activities in Kerala?
Answer: He returned to Portugal.
11. João de Nova
40. Who was João de Nova and what was his connection with the Third Armada?
Answer: João de Nova was the commander associated with the Third Armada.
41. Why did João de Nova avoid Calicut?
Answer: João de Nova had advance information about the hostility of the Zamorin, so he avoided Calicut.
42. Where did João de Nova land instead of Calicut?
Answer: He landed at Cochin and Cannanore.
12. Francisco de Almeida
43. Who was Francisco de Almeida, and when was he appointed the first Viceroy of India?
Answer: Francisco de Almeida was appointed the first Viceroy of India by the King of Portugal in 1505.
44. Which important fort was built in 1505 during Almeida's period?
Answer: The St. Angelo Fort was built in 1505.
45. What policy did Francisco de Almeida introduce in India?
Answer: Francisco de Almeida introduced the Blue Water Policy.
46. What was the objective of the Blue Water Policy?
Answer: The Blue Water Policy aimed at strengthening the Portuguese navy and establishing Portuguese hegemony in the Indian Ocean.
13. Almeida's Conflict at Quilon
47. What happened to the Portuguese traders at Quilon during Almeida's period?
Answer: The Portuguese traders at Quilon were killed.
48. Whom did Almeida send to Quilon after the Portuguese traders were killed, and what did he do?
Answer: Almeida sent his son Lawrence, who led Portuguese troops and destroyed the Calicut ships.
14. Almeida and the Joint Fleet
49. Whom did Francisco de Almeida defeat in the decisive naval battle?
Answer: Almeida defeated a joint fleet consisting of the Mamluk Burji Sultan of Egypt, the Ottoman Empire, the Zamorin of Calicut and the Sultan of Gujarat.
50. Which four powers were included in the joint fleet defeated by Almeida?
Answer:
- Mamluk Burji Sultan of Egypt
- Ottoman Empire
- Zamorin of Calicut
- Sultan of Gujarat
51. What was the result of Almeida's victory over the joint fleet?
Answer: Almeida's victory was decisive. The Ottomans and Egyptians left the Indian Ocean, which enabled the Portuguese to establish a trade monopoly over Indian waters.
52. For approximately how long did the Portuguese trade monopoly over Indian waters continue according to the notes?
Answer: It continued for over 100 years.